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Singh, K. M.
- Phase Noise Analysis of Optical SSB Signal in Radio over Fiber System
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ECE Department, BMIET, Sonepat, IN
1 ECE Department, BMIET, Sonepat, IN
Source
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol 1, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 76-79Abstract
Radio over Fiber refers to a technology whereby light is modulated by a radio signal and transmitted over an optical fiber link to facilitate wireless access. In RoF system, wireless signals are transported in optical form between a central station and a set of base stations before being radiated through the air. Each base station is adapted to communicate over a radio link with at least one user's mobile station located within the radio range of said base station. In this paper, Optical SSB signal is specifically selected as it has tolerance for power degradation due to dispersion effects over a length of fiber and phase noise from RF oscillator Linewidth and laser linewidth is evaluated by using parameter CNR (carrier to noise ratio). Signal degradation is studied for various lengths of fibers in the presence of fiber chromatic dispersion.Keywords
RoF, CNR, MZM, OSSB, Power Degradation.Full Text
- Economic Analysis of Growth, Instability and Resource Use Efficiency of Sugarcane Cultivation in India:An Econometric Approach
Abstract Views :233 |
PDF Views:226
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar-848 125, IN
2 Extension Education, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar-848 125, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar-848 125, IN
2 Extension Education, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar-848 125, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 6, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 1-10Abstract
Objectives: To find out the growth, as well as instability in area, production and productivity of sugarcane farming and to assess the resource use efficiency in major sugarcane growing states of India and trade performance of sugar.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: Investigation is based on secondary data of area, production and productivity of sugarcane in major sugarcane growing states of India for the period from 2000-01 to 2015-16. Efficiency of sugarcane production was estimated using plot level data obtained from website of Cost of Cultivation Scheme, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India for the year, 2014-15. Compound growth rates, instability indices using formula suggested by Cuddy- Della Valle, and resource use efficiency using Data Envelopment approach (DEA) were computed.
Findings: At national level area, production and productivity of sugarcane went up during the period of investigation. Similar result was also observed in case of growth rates of sugarcane crop which were found positive and encouraging. The area under sugarcane was found stable in the states like Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand and Gujarat on the other hand the yield of sugarcane recorded almost stable in Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand and Tamil Nadu. Technical efficiency at national level in sugarcane production was found to be 66% which indicated that the production of crop may further be raised by 34% with the available technology. Allocative mean efficiencies indicated that costs may be reduced by 40% through using optimum combination of inputs keeping in mind their prices while selecting their quantities. The cost efficiency (CE) asserted that farmers may potentially reduce their overall cost of sugarcane production, upto 60% to harvest the existing level of output at least cost. Undoubtedly, the export of sugar from India has increased during the period of investigation.
Applications/Improvements: State government initiatives were found appreciable making sugarcane cultivation more remunerative. Proper use of scarce resources may make it more productive and profitable and realizing the objective of doubling income and uplifting standard of cultivators.
Keywords
Sugarcane, Data Envelopment Approach, Resource Use Efficiency, Technical Efficiency, Allocative Efficiency, Cost Efficiency.Full Text
References
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- Social and Economic Empowerment of Farm Women in Banana Fibre Based Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Income
Abstract Views :162 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
Source
Agriculture Update, Vol 13, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 101-105Abstract
Banana is an important crop of world and India with 7.1 lakh ha area is under banana and fruit production of 26.2 million MT contributing 14.7 per cent of world production Apart from fruit, banana crop also generate huge quantity of biomass in the form of pseudostem, leaves, suckers etc. and this biomass mostly pseudostem is absolute waste in most of the states of India and Bihar in particular. Banana is cultivated in about 29 thousand ha in the Vaishali district of Bihar with an average yield of 412 q/ha. With the sizable area under banana (0.61 lakh ha) cultivation in Bihar, it is important to develop and popularize different value added products from banana pseudostem. After harvesting of fruits and leaves, pseudostem is cut near to the ground level and its yield ranges from 60 to 80 t/ha. Developing value added products from banana pseudostem is restricted mainly to fibre extraction and handicrafts making at national level. In the process of fibre extraction other components obtained simultaneously. These components are fibre (about 600 kg/ha), scutcher (30 to 35 t/ha), sap (15000 to 20000 l/ha) and central core (10 to 12 t/ha) all of it can be used in developing different value added products. Taking the initiative Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar started giving training to rural farm women on fibre extraction technology on the wasteful harvested pseudostem as this district is an impotant banana cultivating district. The KVK encouraged rural farm men/women to take up simple and remurative income generating enterprises from where they can earn additional income which improves its self confidence and socio- economic status having an overall impact on farm families.Keywords
Banana Pseudostem, Fibre Extraction, Handicraft, Livelihood, Enterprise.
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- Challenges and issues of groundwater management in India
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PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Inter Public Group, Mediabrands, Mumbai 400 072, India, IN
2 PG College of Agriculture, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848 125, India, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848 125, India, IN
4 ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi 110 012, India, IN
1 Inter Public Group, Mediabrands, Mumbai 400 072, India, IN
2 PG College of Agriculture, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848 125, India, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848 125, India, IN
4 ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi 110 012, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 7 (2022), Pagination: 856-864Abstract
This study reviews groundwater status and management based on the existing literature regarding its resource endowment, hydrogeology, challenges and issues of management and policy suggestions for India. Efficient management requires decoupling groundwater rights from land-ownership rights, changes in electricity pricing and metering, aquifer-based plans for storage and replenishment, and empowerment of participatory irrigation management for local management. Issues of water–food–energy nexus, climate change, carbon footprint of groundwater extraction and virtual water trade are also important for ensuring sustainable management of groundwater resourcesFull Text
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